RESUMO Introdução A terapia de implantes dentais, quando bem planejada, pode contribuir para a qualidade de vida do paciente e é uma ferramenta importante para solucionar um sério problema de saúde pública em várias partes do mundo. Objetivo Este estudo investigou a saúde peri-implantar em implantes fixos apoiados por uma técnica de carga imediata e associou esses resultados a condições sociodemográficas. Material e método Após a desmontagem das próteses sobre implantes com o “Modelo de Branemark”, a avaliação peri-implantar de 93 pacientes foi avaliada por meio do índice de placa dental (IPD), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS), níveis clínicos de fixação (NCF) e presença de hiperplasia gengival. Os pacientes também responderam a um questionário sobre sexo, idade, nível socioeconômico (Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa - ABEP), saúde geral e tabagismo. Resultado Os achados clínicos mais constantes foram a presença de placa, seguida de hiperplasia gengival e periimplantite, que esteve associada à progressão da doença. A maioria dos pacientes do estudo era do sexo feminino, caucasiana e com idade inferior a 60 anos, com próteses localizadas na arcada inferior, pertencentes às classes sociais A e B. Conclusão A presença de biofilme dentário ocorreu em quase todos os implantes e não foi relacionado à presença de periimplantite. A progressão da peri-implantite com perda óssea foi relacionada ao sangramento subgengival. As características sociodemográficas do estudo não apresentaram grandes correlações com as variáveis clínicas dos implantes dentários estudados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Dental implant therapy, when well planned, can contribute to the patient's quality of life and is an important tool for solving a serious public health problem in various parts of the world. Objective This study investigated peri-implant health in fixed implants supported by an immediate loading technique and to associate those outcomes with sociodemographic conditions. Material and method After the disassembly of the prostheses on implants with the “Branemark Model” the peri-implant health of 93 patients was evaluated using dental plaque index (DPI), probing pocket depths (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment levels (CAL), and presence of gingival hyperplasia. Patients also answered a questionnaire about their gender, age, socioeconomic status (Brazilian Association of Research Companies - ABEP), general health and tobacco use. Result The most constant clinical findings were the presence of plaque, followed by gingival hyperplasia and periimplantitis, which was associated with disease progression. Most of the patients in the study were female, Caucasian, and under 60 years of age, with prostheses located in their lower arch, and they belonged to social classes A and B. Conclusion The presence of dental biofilm occurred in almost all implants and was not related to the presence of periimplantitis. The progression of periimplantitis with bone loss was related to sub gingival bleeding. The sociodemographic characteristics in the study did not present great correlations with the clinical variables of the dental implants studied.

Resumo Introdução Com a suplementação de glutamina há um melhor desempenho no sistema de defesa do corpo. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da suplementação de glutamina na doença periodontal induzida por ligatura em ratos. Material e método Foram selecionados 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar divididos em 4 grupos (N = 12): grupo controle (GC) incluindo animais saudaveis recebendo solução salina diariamente via gavagem; grupo glutamina (GG) incluindo animais saudaveis que receberam suplementação oral de glutamina por gavagem a uma dose de 1,5 g/kg/dia; grupo periodontite (GP) incluindo animais com doença periodontal induzida na maxila em ambos os lados recebendo solução salina diária via gavagem; grupo experimental (GE) incluindo animais com doença periodontal induzida na maxila nos dois lados recebendo glutamina diária via gavagem na dose de 1,5 g/kg/dia. No 30º dia, todos os animais foram eutanasiados por excesso de anestésico. Resultado Nas várias análises, o GE (116,63 ± 22,50 mm2) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) obteve um p<0,05. O GP (143,15 ± 35,24 mm2) comparado ao grupo GE (116,63 ± 22,50 mm2) apresentou p<0,05. O GP (143,15 ± 35,24 mm2) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) apresentou p<0,05. O GG (118,09 ± 10,4 mm2 ) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) apresentou p>0,05. Conclusão A suplementação de glutamina associada à doença periodontal induzida demonstrou uma menor perda óssea em comparação com o grupo periodontite.

Abstract Introduction With glutamine supplementation there is better performance in the body’s defense system. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glutamine supplementation on ligand-induced periodontal disease in rats. Material and method 48 selected male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (N = 12): control group (CG) including healthy animals receiving daily saline solution via gavage; glutamine group (GG) including healthy animals receiving oral glutamine supplementation by gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day; periodontitis group (PG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily saline solution via gavage; experimental group (EG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily glutamine via gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day. On the 30th day, all animals were euthanized by excess anesthetic. Result In the various analyses, the EG (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) obtained a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the EG group (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2 ) presented a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p<0.05. The GG (118.09 ± 10.4 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p>0.05. Conclusion Glutamine supplementation associated with induced periodontal disease demonstrated a smaller amount of bone loss compared to the periodontitis group.

Resumo Introdução Os contraceptivos são amplamente utilizados pelas mulheres em grande parte do mundo. O estresse associado a sua utilização pode conduzir respostas adversas no organismo. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse crônico associado ou não com o uso de contraceptivos na progressão de periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratas Lewis. Material e método Para tanto, quarenta ratas foram divididas aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n = 8): Grupo Contraceptivo e Ligadura (CG); Grupo Estresse e Ligadura (SG); Grupo Contraceptivo, Estresse e Ligadura (CSG); Grupo Ligadura (LG); e Grupo Controle (CtrlG). Um contraceptivo injetável foi administrado nos grupos CG e CSG no início do experimento. No dia seguinte, a periodontite foi induzida nos grupos CG, SG, LG e CSG, através da colocação de ligaduras no segundo molar superior direito destes animais. No terceiro dia, o SG e o CSG foram submetidos a um modelo de estresse crônico usando contenção física e exposição ao frio. Após 60 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos a medidas histométricas. Foram considerados dois parâmetros: perda de inserção histológico (CEJ-PL) e perda óssea (CEJ-BC). Resultado Os resultados indicaram que o CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0,10 ± 0,00; CEJ-BC 0,34 ± 0,02) apresentaram os valores mais baixos (p<0,05). O grupo SG (CEJ-PL 0,90 ± 0,24; CEJ-BC 1,30 ± 0,28) apresentou valores mais elevados que foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,05) dos resultados do LG. Os outros grupos apresentaram resultados estatísticos semelhantes (p>0,05). Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo não permitem uma avaliação da susceptibilidade dos animais à periodontite induzida por ligadura. Sendo necessários, portanto, outros estudos que elucidem melhor a questão.

Abstract Introduction Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world. The stress associated with their use can lead adverse responses in the body. Objective The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of chronic stress associated with contraceptive use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in female Lewis rats. Material and method Therefore, forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): contraceptive and ligature group (CG); stress and ligature group (SG); contraceptive, stress and ligature group (CSG); ligature group (LG); and control group (CtrlG). An injectable contraceptive was administered to the CG and CSG groups at the beginning of the experiment. On the following day, periodontitis was induced in the CG, SG, LG and CSG groups by placing ligatures on the upper-right second molar. On the third day, the SG and the CSG were subjected to a chronic stress model using physical restraint and cold exposure. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histometric measurements. Two parameters were considered: histological attachment loss (CEJ-PL) and bone loss (CEJ-BC). Regarding CEJ-PL/CEJ-BC. Result The results indicated that the CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0.10 ± 0.00; CEJ-BC 0.34 ± 0.02) showed the lowest values (p<0.05). The SG group (CEJ-PL 0.90 ± 0.24; CEJ-BC 1.30 ± 0.28) presented higher values that were significantly different (p<0.05) from the results of the LG. The other groups exhibited similar statistical results (p>0.05). Conclusion The present results do not allow an assessment of the susceptibility of animals to ligature-induced periodontitis.

Resumo Introdução A sinvastatina é uma das várias estatinas utilizadas no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia e, na odontologia, alguns estudos têm buscado relacioná-la ao reparo ósseo. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da sinvastatina na progressão da periodontite apical induzida em ratos. Material e método Para tanto, 36 ratos Wistar, previamente selecionados, foram divididos em 3 grupos (N=12). Grupo Controle (GC); Grupo Periodontite Apical (GPA); Grupo Periodontite Apical Associada à Sinvastatina (GPAS). No primeiro dia do ensaio o GPA e o GPAS foram anestesiados e submetidos à abertura coronária do primeiro molar inferior direito. Durante trinta dias, o GPAS recebeu diariamente 6mg de sinvastatina, através de gavagem. No trigésimo primeiro dia, todos os grupos foram submetidos à coleta de sangue e a eutanásia. As mandíbulas foram removidas e fixadas em formol. Para a mensuração das regiões periapicais, foram realizadas tomografias. Além disso, avaliou-se a massa corporal, glicemia e o lipidograma. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA de uma via e teste Post Hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultado Os resultados demonstram que o GPA (3,42±0,65) apresentou os maiores perímetros para espaço do ligamento periapical, seguido pelo GPAS (1,54±0,78) e GC (0,64±0,24), respectivamente (p<0,05). Em relação ao lipidograma percebe-se o efeito da sinvastatina avaliando-se a quantidade de glicose, triglicérides, HDL, VLDL (p<0,05). Para a massa corporal o GPA foi o que mais ganhou peso (264,75±44,11); seguido pelo GC (252,00±44,36); e GPAS (245,41±42,56). Os três grupos apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre si, de forma decrescente (p<0,05). Conclusão O uso da sinvastatina diminuiu a progressão do aumento do espaço do ligamento periapical em ratos.

Abstract Introduction Simvastatin is one of several statins that are used to treat hypercholesterolemia, and in dentistry, few studies have attempted to associate the administration of this compound with bone repair. Objective To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on the progression of induced apical periodontitis in rats. Material and method To this end, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (N=12): Induced Apical Periodontitis Associated with Simvastatin Group (APSG N=12), Induced Periodontitis Apical Induced Group (APG N=12) and Negative Control Group (CG). On the first day, APG and APSG were anesthetized, and the coronal opening of the mandibular first molar was performed. For thirty days, the APSG received 6 mg of simvastatin daily via gavage. On the thirty-first day, all groups underwent blood collection and euthanasia. The jaws were removed and fixed in formalin. CT scans were performed to measure the periapical regions. In addition, the body mass and lipid profile were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey’s test). Result The APG (3.42±0.65) showed the highest perimeters for the space periapical ligament, followed by APSG (1.54±0.78) and CG (0.64±0.24) (p<0.05). The lipid profile revealed the effect of simvastatin on the amount of glucose, triglycerides, HDL, and VLDL (p<0.05). Body mass APG showed the most weight gain (264.75±44.11), followed by CG (252.00±44.36) and APSG (245.41±42.56). The three groups showed significant differences in decreasing order (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of simvastatin decreased the progression of the increasing periapical ligament space in rats.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect chronic stress in newborn rats on the progression of ligature-induced-periodontitis in adulthood. METHODS: Ten couples of adult Wistar rats were selected for mating. After birth, the female and their respective offsprings were allocated into two groups. Ligature Group (LG): offsprings were only watched during breast-feeding; Stress-ligature Group (SLG): after 24h of live birth, the offsprings were moved away from their mothers every day for four hours during breast-feeding for 20 days; in both approaches, after reaching ± 250g, ten rats were included in the groups. Periodontal disease was induced by a silk suture placed around the maxillary right second molar. The left side was used as control. After 15 days, the animals were subjected to euthanasia, maxillary bones were removed and stored in 10% formaldehyde. After 48h, radiographs were taken and revealed and were used for bone destruction analysis. Examiner was blind and calibrated for measurements. RESULTS: Stress-ligature group presented higher bone loss values in relation to ligature group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposure to chronic stress imposed on offsprings produced a greater progression of bone loss induced during adulthood.

OBJETO: Fusão dental é definida como sendo a união de dois germes dentais em algum momento do estágio de desenvolvimento. O objetivo desse artigo foi descrever o tratamento endodôntico de dois casos de fusão dental. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: No primeiro caso clínico, o paciente foi orientado pelo ortodontista a realizar tratamento endodôntico do dente 12, o qual estava fusionado ao dente 13. Foi realizada a separação cirúrgica dos elementos dentais e posterior reposicionamento no arco dental. No segundo caso clínico, o paciente procurou atendimento relatando dor espontânea na região anterior superior. Por meio do exame radiográfico, foi observado geminação do dente 11 e fusão do dente 21 com dente extranumerário. Em ambos os casos os dentes fusionados foram tratados endodônticamente e os pacientes encaminhados para restabelecimento da estética e função. CONCLUSÃO: O cirurgião dentista deve ter habilidade de diagnosticar, diferenciar e tratar adequadamente as anomalias dentárias, objetivando a manutenção da saúde oral dos pacientes.

PURPOSE: Dental fusion is defined as the union of two dental germs at some stage of their development. The aim of this article is to report the endodontic treatment of two clinical cases of dental fusion. CASE DESCRIPTION: In the first case, the patient was referred by an orthodontist for endodontic treatment of tooth 12, which was fused to 13. Surgical separation and later replacement of the involved elements in the dental arch was indicated. In the second case, the patient sought dental attendance due to spontaneous pain. In the radiographic exam, gemination in tooth 11 and fusion of 21 with a supernumerary tooth was observed. The fused teeth were endodontically treated, and patients were referred to other dental specialties to reestablish esthetics and function. CONCLUSION: The dentist must be able to diagnose, differentiate and treat these dental anomalies adequately, with the goal of maintaining patients' oral health.

A proposta desse trabalho foi de avaliar as propriedades fisicoquimicas dos cimentos Portland cinza e branco estrutural e nao estrutural, do ProRoot MTA cinza e branco e do MTA BIO. Foram avaliadas a proporcao po-liquido, tempo de endurecimento, solubilidade e variacao do pH dos cimentos. Os testes seguiram as normas que determinam a especificacao numero 57 da ANSI/ ADA para cimentos obturadores e a variacao de pH foi analisada por meio de pHmetro digital. Os resultados dos testes foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de teste de analise de variancia e pelo teste de Tukey para comparacao entre pares, com nivel de significancia de 5%. Nao foram evidenciaram diferencas estatisticamente significantes (p>0,05) entre os cimentos no que se refere a proporcao po-liquido. O MTA BIO (33,10�±2,30) mostrou os menores valores de tempo de endurecimento (p<0,05), enquanto o ProRoot MTA cinza (102,10�±2,70) mostrou os maiores resultados (p<0,05). Todos os materiais mostraram valores de solubilidade dentro dos padroes da ANSI/ADA, sendo que o cimento ProRoot MTA cinza (1,03�±0,12) apresentou a menor solubilidade (p<0,05) e o Portland branco nao estrutural (2,55�±0,08), a maior (p<0,05). No que se refere a variacao do pH, nao foram determinadas diferencas significantes entre os materiais (p>0,05). Os niveis de pH mostraram-se altamente alcalinos, imediatamente apos a imersao em agua, mantendo-se estavel ao longo do periodo de teste. Concluiu-se, que os cimentos estudados tiveram proporcoes po-liquido similares. O MTA BIO apresentou tempo de endurecimento mais curto e a menor solubilidade foi apresentada pelo ProRoot MTA cinza. Todos os cimentos tiveram comportamento semelhante na analise do pH.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of gray and white structural and nonstructural Portland cement, gray and white ProRoot MTA and MTA BIO. The water/powder ratio, setting time, solubility and pH (hydrogen-ion potential) changes of the materials were evaluated. Tests followed specification #57 from the American National Standard Institute/ American Dental Association (2000) for endodontic sealing materials and pH was determined by a digital pHmeter. The test results were statistically analyzed by variance analyses for global comparison and by the complementary Tukey’s test for pairwise comparisons (5%). Considering the water/powder ratio, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed among the cements. MTA BIO (33.10�±2.30) had the lowest setting time (p<0.05), gray Pro- Root MTA (10.10�±2.70) had the highest (p<0.05). White nonstructural Portland cement (2.55�±0.08) had the highest solubility (p<0.05), while gray ProRoot MTA (1.03�±0.12) had the lowest (p<0.05), although all materials showed solubility values in compliance to ANSI/ADA. No difference (p>0.05) was observed among materials when considering pH evaluation. The pH levels were highly alkaline immediately after immersion in solution, remaining stable throughout the test period. The authors conclude that the cements had similar water/powder proportions. MTA BIO had the shortest setting time and gray ProRoot MTA had the lowest solubility. All cements had similar behavior in the pH analysis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de dois modelos de estresse crônico - físico e variável - em ratos, associados à periodontite induzida, sobre parâmetros hematológicos: volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM) hematócrito (Ht), hemácias (Hm), hemoglobina (Hg) e leucó- citos (Lc). METODOLOGIA: Selecionaram-se 48 ratas adultas da linhagem Wistar divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=12): estresse físico (GEF), estresse variável (GEV), ligadura (GL) e controle (GC). Iniciou-se o ensaio de estresse físico (contenção e exposição ao frio) e estresse variável (exposição à luz piscante, isolamento, exame da cavidade bucal, ambiente congestionado, odor de sangue e barulho). Decorridos 10 dias do início do ensaio de estresse, os animais dos Grupos EF, EV e L foram anestesiados e um fio de seda foi adaptado em volta do segundo molar superior direito, sendo o ensaio de estresse mantido por mais 50 dias. Os animais foram anestesiados e procedeu-se a incisão e visualização da veia cava posterior. Realizou-se a punção sanguínea a vácuo, em tubos com EDTA. Os dados foram coletados por examinadores cegos e treinados e analisados por ANOVA e teste de Bonferroni, ao nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os dois modelos de estresse alteraram todos os parâmetros hematológicos do estudo com exceção do VCM. CONCLUSÃO: O estresse associado à periodontite é capaz de modificar parâmetros sanguíneos em ratas.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of two models of chronic stress in rats and their association with induced periodontitis on hematological parameters: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (Ht), erythrocytes (Hm), hemoglobin (Hg) and leukocytes (Lk). METHODS: Forty-eight adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=12): physical stress (PSG), variable stress (VSG), ligature (LG) and control (CG) and then started the test of physical stress (restraint and exposure to cold) and variable stress (exposure to flashing light, isolation, examination of the oral cavity, congested environment, the smell of blood and noise). After 10 days of the stress test, the animals in Groups PS, VS and L were anesthetized, and a silk thread was adapted around the upper right second molar; subsequently, the stress test continued for 50 days. The animals were anesthetized and held up the incision and visualization of the posterior vena cava for blood puncture vacuum in tubes containing EDTA. Data were collected by blinded and trained examiners and were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA and Bonferroni's test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The two models of stress changed all of the hematological parameters tested, with the exception of VCM. CONCLUSION: The stress associated with periodontitis is able to modify blood parameters in rats.

This study evaluated the time efficiency of stress associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Sixty adult Wistar rats, housed in temperature-controlled rooms and receiving water and food ad libitum, were randomly separated into stress (n = 30) or control groups (n = 30). All animals were anesthetized, and nylon ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the maxillary right second molars. After the induction of periodontitis, rats in the stress group were subjected to physical restraint for 12 hours daily. The animals were euthanized after 7, 15 and 30 days by anesthetic overdose (10 animals per group per period). The right hemimaxillae were stored in formalin solution for 48 hours. Parallel radiographic images of the hemimaxillae were taken and processed following standard procedures. Radiographic examination was performed by a blinded and previously calibrated investigator. Bone height level was measured, and data were submitted to analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). Rats in the stress group had greater bone loss than those in the control group at 7 and 15 days post-induction (p < 0.05). After 30 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Restraint stress modulates the short-term progression of periodontal disease in rats. Therefore, the 12-hour daily physical restraint stress model in rats applied for up to 15 days is suitable for the investigation of the combined effect of ligation and restraint stress on periodontal degradation.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo in vitro foi de avaliar a ação antimicrobiana de enxaguatórios bucais com e sem álcool. METODOLOGIA: Usaram-se no estudo o Periogard®, o CEPACOL®, Plax Classic® e o ORAL-B®, anti-séptico sem álcool. Para a realização desse estudo foram utilizadas 40 placas de Petri com meio de cultura de Ágar Sangue para os seguintes microrganismos: Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Para a mensuração dos halos de inibição, um único examinador treinado utilizou uma lupa estereoscópica e um paquímetro digital. Após a coleta dos dados, as médias foram comparadas utilizando-se do teste estatístico ANOVA (análise de variância) com teste corretivo de Bonferroni, para nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O Periogard® com álcool e o sem álcool apresentaram os melhores resultados. O Plax® sem álcool obteve os piores resultados. O Plax® com álcool foi melhor substância em relação ao S. aureus. Os demais resultados mantiveram-se com melhor efetividade em relação à substância controle. CONCLUSÃO: Os enxaguatórios sem álcool não têm a mesma eficácia antimicrobiana comparada aos enxaguatórios com álcool em relação aos microrganismos testados neste estudo.

PURPOSE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes with and without alcohol on some microorganisms. METHODS: Periogard®, Cepacol®, Plax Classic® and Oral-B® were the substances tested. For this study, 40 plates of Petri with medium blood agar were used for the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To measure the inhibition zones, a single trained examiner used a stereomicroscope and a digital caliper. After data collection, the medias were compared using the ANOVA (analysis of variance) with Bonferroni test post-hoc correction for 5% significance level. RESULTS: Periogard®, with and without alcohol, showed the best results. Plax® without alcohol presented the poorest results. Plax® with alcohol was the best substance in relation to S. aureus. The others results remained with better effectiveness in relation to control substance. CONCLUSION: The alcohol-free mouthwashes did not have the same efficacy of antimicrobial rinses with alcohol in relation to microorganisms tested in this study.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a ação antimicrobiana da clorexidina a 2%, do hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e do paramonoclorofenol associado ao furacin sobre S aureus, C albicans, E faecalise e P aureginosa. METODOLOGIA: Foram utilizadas 40 placas Petri. Quatro placas foram separadas como controle negativo e em 4 outras, além do meio de cultura, semearam-se os microrganismos, com o círculo de papel, para se obter o controle positivo. Em 32 placas seguiu-se a colocação de 4 círculos de filtro de papel esterilizados e impregnados das substâncias testes e controle, depositados em cada quadrante das mesmas. Os grupos foram analisados por 7 dias. Para a verificação dos resultados, usaram-se os halos de inibição de crescimento bacteriano. RESULTADOS: A clorexidina 2% foi significantemente (P<0,05) mais efetiva para todas as cepas microbianas que as demais substâncias. O hipoclorito de sódio a 1% apresentou resultados intermediários. O paramonoclorofenol associado ao furacin (PMC+F) obteve os piores resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A clorexidina obteve os melhores resultados. O PMC+F apresentou os menores halos de inibição.

PURPOSE: To analyze the antimicrobial action of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite and paramonochlorophenol were combined with furacin against strains of S. aureus, C. albicans, E. faecalis and P. aureginosa. METHODS: Forty Petri plates were used. Four plates were separated from the others and used as a negative control. Four other plates were used a positive control. The other 32 plates were treated with four circles of sterilized filter paper impregnated with the test and control substances. The groups of plates were analyzed after an experiment time of seven days by the measuring the inhibition halos. RESULTS: Two percent chlorhexidine gave the largest inhibition zones, and the difference in size between its inhibition zones and the compound with the next largest inhibition zone, 1% sodium hypochlorite, was statistically significant. The 1% sodium hypochlorite also had significantly larger inhibition zones than the control group and PMC+F. CONCLUSION: Two percent chlorhexidine gluconate gave the best results, while PMC+F showed the weakest antibacterial activity.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the histometry of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats at different histological section depths. Sixteen male adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: ligature and control. In the ligature group, rats received a sterile 4/0 silk ligature around the maxillary right 2nd molar. Thirty serial sections containing the 1st and 2nd molars, in which the coronal and root pulp, cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in the mesial side of the 2nd molar, interproximal alveolar bone and connective fiber attachment were clearly visible, were selected for histometric analysis. The histological sections were clustered in groups of 10 sections corresponding the buccal (B), central (C) and lingual (L) regions of the of periodontal tissue samples. The distance between the CEJ in the mesial side of the 2nd molar and the attached periodontal ligament fibers (CEJ-PL) as well as the distance between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-BC) were determined. From CEJ-PL and CEJ-BC distances measured for each specimen, the measurements obtained in the B, L and C regions were recorded individually and together. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed between the control and ligature groups regarding CEJ-PL (0.05 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively) and CEJ-BC (0.47 mm and 0.77 mm, respectively) measurements. Regarding the depth of the buccal, central and lingual planes, the means of CEJ-PL and CEJ-BC of both groups showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). In conclusion, the selection of 10 serial sections of the central region of periodontal tissue samples at any depth can be considered as representative for the evaluation of periodontal ligament fiber attachment and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

The aim of this study was to analyze the buccal tissue responses of Wistar rats to 2% chlorhexidine solution, calcium hydroxide and the association of both products. For this purpose, 30 specimens were randomly implanted in the filtrum of the four upper and lower hemiarches with a polyethylene tube containing one of the following substances: 2% chlorhexidine solution, calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine solution (test groups); calcium hydroxide and distilled water and distilled water (control groups). Ten rats each were distributed according to time interval of evaluation at 7, 15 and 30 days. The histological sections were stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin. Analysis was performed with an optical microscope at x100, x200 and x400 magnifications by an expert examiner blinded to the materials. The sections were classified by scores attributed to inflammatory events and by a ranking determined according to the severity of the inflammation. The results of the inflammatory events and severity ranking were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test at a 0.05 level of significance. No statistically significant difference occurred among the tested materials; however, all materials showed a decreased of severity with respect to longer time intervals.